Dementia is a broad term describing a decline in cognitive functions such as memory and reasoning, caused by various disorders. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, specifically involves brain cell damage and the accumulation of abnormal proteins. The primary difference between dementia and Alzheimer's disease lies in dementia being an umbrella term, while Alzheimer's is a specific progressive condition. Both conditions significantly impact quality of life, with Alzheimer’s being the leading cause of dementia globally.